Doses - LEVAMISOLE
Dogs:
As an immune stimulant: a) For recurrent cutaneous infections: 2.2 mg/kg PO every other day, with appropriateantimicrobial therapy. (Rosenkrantz 1989)
b) 0.5 - 2 mg/kg PO 3 times a week. (Kirk 1989)
c) For adjunctive therapy in dogs with chronic pyoderma: 0.5 - 1.5 mg/kg PO 2-3 times aweek (efficacy not established). (Lorenz 1984)
d) For adjunctive therapy in dogs with chronic pyoderma: 2.2 mg/kg PO every other day(may only be efficacious in 10% of cases). (Ihrke 1986)
e) For adjunctive therapy in aspergillosis/penicillinosis: 2 - 5 mg/kg PO every other day.(Prueter 1988)
As a microfilaricide:
a) 10 mg/kg PO once a day for 6-10 days. (Kirk 1989)
b) 11 mg/kg PO for 6-12 days. Examine blood on 6th day of treatment; discontinue therapy when microfilaria negative. May cause neurologic signs, vomiting, behavioralchanges, or possibly death. If treatment is prolonged (>15 days), there is increasedlikelihood of toxicity. (Todd, Paul, and DiPietro 1985)
c) If dithiazanine is ineffective: 11 mg/kg PO after a small meal for 7 days. Examine blood, and if microfilaria still are present, may continue for another 5 days. (Kittleson 1985)
d) 11 mg/kg PO for 6-12 days. Examine for microfilaria within 7-10 days and at weeklyintervals until eliminated or treatment is halted. Retching and vomiting are common.
Avoid giving on an empty stomach or immediately after drinking water. A "conditioning" dose of 5 mg/kg PO once a day may be necessary. Stop therapy if abnormal behavior or ataxia develops. (Knight 1988)
For the treatment of lungworms:
a) For Crenosoma vulpis: 8 mg/kg once. (Todd, Paul, and DiPietro 1985)
b) For Capillaria: 7-12 mg/kg once daily PO for 3-7 days.
For Filaroides osleri: 7-12 mg/kg once daily PO for 20-45 days. (Roudebush 1985)
c) 7.5 mg/kg PO bid or 25 mg/kg PO every other day for 10 days. (Bauer 1988)
e) For Capillaria aerophilia: 10 mg/kg PO once daily for 5 days; repeat in 9 days(Reinemeyer 1995)
Cats:
For the treatment of lungworms: a) 20 - 40 mg/kg PO every other day for 5-6 treatments (Kirk 1989)
b) For Aelurostrongylus abstrusus: 100 mg PO daily every other day for 5 treatments;give atropine (0.5 mg SQ, 15 minutes before administering); or 15 mg/kg PO everyother day for 3 treatments, then 3 days later: 30 mg/kg PO, then 2 days later: 60 mg/kg.
For Capillaria aerophilia: 4.4 mg/kg SQ for 2 days, then 8.8 mg/kg once 2 weeks later;or 5 mg/kg PO once daily for 5 days, followed by 9 days of no therapy, repeat twotimes. (Todd, Paul, and DiPietro 1985)
c) 25 mg/kg every other day for 10-14 days. (Roudebush 1985)
d) For Capillaria aerophilia: 10 mg/kg PO once daily for 5 days; repeat in 9 days(Reinemeyer 1995)
For treatment of Ollulanus tricuspis:
a) 5 mg/kg SQ (Todd, Paul, and DiPietro 1985)
As a microfilaricide:
a) 10 mg/kg PO for 7 days. (Dillon 1986)
As an immune-stimulant:
a) For adjunctive therapy of feline plasma-cell gingivitis/pharyngitis: 25 mg PO everyother day for 3 doses. (DeNovo, Potter, and Woolfson 1988)
Cattle:
For treatment of susceptible nematodes (also refer to specific label directions for approvedproducts): a) For removal of mature and immature Dictyocaulus vivapurus: 5.5 - 11 mg/kg PO, eithergiven in feed or as a drench or oral bolus. May also be administered SQ at 3.3 - 8mg/kg. (Bennett 1986)
b) 7.5 mg/kg PO (Brander, Pugh, and Bywater 1982)
Llamas:
For treatment of susceptible nematodes:
a) 5 - 8 mg/kg IM, or PO (Fowler 1989)
b) 5 - 8 mg/kg PO or SQ for 1 day (Cheney and Allen 1989)
Swine:
For treatment of susceptible nematodes (also refer to specific label directions for approvedproducts): a) For removal of mature and immature Metastrongylus: 8 mg/kg PO in feed or water.(Bennett 1986)
b) 8 mg/kg PO in feed or water. (Howard 1986)
c) 7.5 mg/kg PO (Brander, Pugh, and Bywater 1982)
Sheep & Goats:
For treatment of susceptible nematodes (also refer to specific label directions for approvedproducts): a) For removal of mature and immature Dictyocaulus vivapurus: 8 mg/kg PO. (Bennett1986)
b) 7.5 mg/kg PO (Brander, Pugh, and Bywater 1982)
Birds:a) Using 13.65% injectable:
For intestinal nematodes: 5-15 ml/gal on of drinking water for 1-3 days; repeat in 10days. If birds refuse to drink, withhold water prior to treating.
For gavage in Australian Parakeets (or desert species that refuse to drink water): 15mg/kg; repeat in 10 days.
For parenteral use: 4 - 8 mg/kg IM or SQ; repeat in 10-14 days. May cause vomiting, ataxia, or death. Do not use in debilitated birds.
For immunostimulation: 0.3 ml/gallon of water for several weeks.
As a parenteral immunostimulant: 2 mg/kg IM or SQ. 3 doses at 14 day intervals.(Clubb 1986)
b) As a nebulized immunostimulant: 1 ml (of 13.65% levamisole phosphate) in 15 mlsaline. (Spink 1986)
c) For Capillaria infections: 15 - 30 mg/kg orally as a single bolus or through a crop tube;or 2.25 mg/gallon of drinking water for 4-5 days. Repeat treatment in 10-14 days.(Flammer 1986)
d) Poultry: 18 - 36 mg/kg PO (Brander, Pugh, and Bywater 1982)
Monitoring Parameters -
Client Information - Levamisole is not approved to be used in dairy animals of breeding age.
Follow directions on the product label unless otherwise directed by veterinarian. Animals that areseverely parasitized or in conditions with constant helminth exposure should be retreated 2-4 weeksafter initial treatment. Do not administer injectable products IV. Report serious adverse effects toveterinarian.
Dosage Forms/Preparations/FDA Approval Status/Withdrawal Times - In cattle, sheep, and swine a level of 0.1 ppm has been established for negligible residues in edible tissues.
Veterinary-Approved Products:
Dosage Forms/Preparations/FDA Approval Status/Withdrawal Times - In cattle, sheep, and swine a level of 0.1 ppm has been established for negligible residues in edible tissues.
Veterinary-Approved Products:
Levamisole Phosphate Injection 136.5 mg/ml (13.65%)
Levasole® Injectable Solution (Schering Plough); Tramisol® Injectable (Cyanamid). (OTC)
Approved for use in beef cat le and non-lactating dairy cattle. Slaughter withdrawal=7days.
Levamisole HCl Soluble Powder for Oral Use
Levasole® Soluble Drench Powder 11.7 grams/packet (Schering Plough); (OTC) Approvedfor use in sheep. Slaughter withdrawal=3 days.
Levasole® Soluble Pig Wormer 18.15 grams/packet (Schering Plough); (OTC) Approvedfor use in swine. Slaughter withdrawal=9 days.
Levasole® Soluble Drench Powder 46.8 grams/packet (Schering Plough); (OTC) Approvedfor use in beef cattle, non-lactating dairy cattle, and sheep. Slaughter withdrawal=2 days(cattle); 3 days (sheep).
Tramisol® Soluble Drench Powder, Tramisol Drench 46.8 grams/packet (American
Cyanamid). (OTC) Approved for use in beef cattle, non-lactating dairy cat le, and sheep.
Slaughter withdrawal=2 days (cattle); 3 days (sheep).
Ripercol® L 9.075 grams (American Cyanamid). (OTC) Approved for use in swine.
Slaughter withdrawal=3 days.
Levamisole Oral Feed Mixes
Tramisol® Hog Wormer (American Cyanamid) Each 2.05 oz packet contains levamisoleresinate equivalent to 45.5 grams levamisole. (OTC) Approved for use in swine.
Slaughter withdrawal=3 days.
Medicated Feed Premix 50% (American Cyanamid) 227 g levamisole HCl/lb. (OTC)
Approved for use in non-lactating dairy and beef cattle and swine. Slaughter withdrawal=2days (cattle); 3 days (swine).
Levamisole HCl Oral Pastes/Gels
Levasole® Gel 11.5% (115 mg/gram) (Schering Plough) 237.4 g cartridge. Each cartridgewill deliver 27.3 g of levamisole HCl. (OTC) Approved for use in beef cattle, and nonlactating dairy cattle. Slaughter withdrawal=6 days.
Tramisol® Gel 11.5% (115 mg/gram) (American Cyanamid). (OTC) Approved for use inbeef cattle, and non-lactating dairy cattle, and swine. Slaughter withdrawal=6 days (cattle);11 days (swine).
Levamisole HCl Oral Tablets/Boluses; 184 mg bolus: Levasole® Sheep Wormer Bolus(Schering Plough); Tramisole® Sheep Wormer (Cyanamid); Ripercol® L Wormer
Oblets (American Cyanamid). (OTC) Approved for use in sheep. Slaughter withdrawal=3 days.2.19 gram bolus: Levasole® Cat le Wormer Bolus (Schering Plough); Ripercol® L Bolus(Cyanamid); (OTC) Approved for use in beef and non-lactating dairy cattle. Slaughterwithdrawal=2 days.
Levamisole Topical (Pour-On) 200 mg/ml; Totalon® (Schering); Tramisol® Pour On(American Cyanamid). (OTC) Approved for use on beef and non-lactating dairy cattle.
Slaughter withdrawal=9 days.