Doses - MANNITOL

Dogs & Cats:

For treatment of oliguric renal failure:
a) After correcting fluid, electrolyte, acid/base balance and determining that the patient isnot anuric: Mannitol (20 - 25% solution) 0.25 - 0.5 gm/kg IV over 15-20 minutes. Ifdiuresis occurs, may repeat q4-6 hours or administered as a constant infusion (8 - 10%solution) for first 12-24 hours of therapy. Note: This method is a secondary choice oftherapy; furosemide with dopamine is therapy of first choice.) (Polzin and Osborne1985)
b) After rehydration, give mannitol 0.5 gm/kg IV slowly; repeat dose at 15 minute intervalsup to 1.5 gm/kg total. Urine production should begin with 15 minutes; monitor carefullyfor dehydration and give fluids as necessary to maintain balance. (Breitschwerdt 1988)
For treatment of acute glaucoma: (Note: See also the monographs for acetazolamide and glycerin)
a) 1 - 2 gm/kg IV over 15-20 minute period; withhold water for 30-60 minutes after administration (Brooks 1986)
b) 1 - 3 gm/kg IV of a 20 -25% solution. Withhold water for first few hours after dosing.
May repeat 2-4 times in the first 48 hours; monitor animal for signs of dehydration. (Vestre 1985)
For adjunctive treatment of increased CSF pressure:
a) 1.5 gm/kg IV once (Fenner 1986)
To measure glomerular filtration rate in dogs:
a) 1.1 - 2.2 grams/kg IV slowly over 15-30 minutes (McConnell and Hughey 1987)

Cattle, Swine, Sheep, Goats:

For adjunctive treatment of cerebral edema:
a) 1 - 3 gm/kg IV (usually with steroids and/or DMSO) (Dill 1986)
As a diuretic for oliguric renal failure:
a) 1 - 2 gm/kg (5-10 ml of 20% solution) IV after rehydration; monitor urine flow and fluid balance (Osweiler 1986)

Horses:

a) 0.25 - 2.0 gm/kg as a 20% solution by slow IV infusion (Schultz 1986)
Monitoring Parameters -
a) Serum electrolytes, osmolality
b) BUN, serum creatinine
c) Urine output
d) Central venous pressure, if possible
e) Lung auscultation
Client Information - Mannitol should be administered by professional staff in a setting whereadequate monitoring can occur.
Dosage Forms/Preparations/FDA Approval Status/Withholding Times - Veterinary-Approved Products:
Mannitol for Injection 180 mg/ml in 100 ml vials; Mannitol Injection® (Anthony) (Rx);
Approved for use in dogs

Human-Approved Products:

Mannitol for Injection5% (50 mg/ml; 275 mOsm/l) in 1000 ml10% (100 mg/ml; 550 mOsm/l) in 500 and 1000 ml15% (150 mg/ml; 825 mOsm/l) in 500 ml20% (200 mg/ml; 1100 mOsm/l) in 250 and 500 ml25% (250 mg/ml; 1375 mOsm/l) in 50 ml vials & syringes (12.5 grams/vial)
Note: Mannitol may tend to crystallize in concentrations of 15% or more when exposed to lowtemperatures. Resolubolization of the crystals can be accomplished by heating the bottle in hot (upto 80°C) water. Cool to body temperature before administering. An in-line IV filter is recommendedwhen administering concentrated mannitol solutions.