Doses - EPINEPHRINE
Note: Be certain when preparing injection that you do not confuse 1:1000 (1 mg/ml) with 1:10, 000(0.1 mg/ml) concentrations. To convert a 1:1000 solution to a 1:10, 000 solution for IV orintratracheal use, dilute each ml with 9 ml of normal saline for injection. Epinephrine is only oneaspect of treating cardiac arrest, refer to specialized references or protocols for more information.Dogs:
Cardiac resuscitation (asystole):
a) 0.05 - 0.5 mg (0.5 - 5 ml) of 1:10, 000 solution intratracheally or intravenously. Mayneed to repeat every 5 minutes. If intratracheal of IV sites are inaccessible, the intracardiac (IC) route may be used. IC dose is 0.5 to 5 micrograms/kg (0.0005 to 0.005 mg/kg). (Wingfield 1985)
b) 0.2 ml/kg intratracheally of a 1:10, 000 solution (Moses 1988)
For anaphylaxis:
a) 0.01 - 0.02 mg/kg IV; or the dosage may be doubled and given via the endotracheal tube if IV line is not yet established. In less severe cases, may be given IM or SubQ (Cohen 1995)
b) Dilute 1 ml of 1:1, 000 in 10 mls of saline and give 1 ml/10 kg body weight IV or IM.
May repeat q5-15 minutes. (Kittleson 1985a)Cats:
For cardiac resuscitation:
a) 0.05 - 0.5 mg (0.5 - 5 ml) of 1:10, 000 solution intratracheally or intravenously. Mayneed to repeat every 5 minutes. If intratracheal or IV sites are inaccessible, the intracardiac (IC) route may be used. IC dose is 0.5 to 5 micrograms/kg (0.0005 to 0.005 mg/kg). (Wingfield 1985)
For bronchoconstriction/anaphylaxis:
a) 0.01 - 0.02 mg/kg IV; or the dosage may be doubled and given via the endotracheal tube if IV line is not yet established. In less severe cases, may be given IM or SubQ (Cohen 1995)
For feline asthma/anaphylaxis:
a) 0.1 ml of a 1:1, 000 dilution SQ or IV (Noone 1986)
b) 0.1 mg SQ q4-6h or 0.2 mg in 100 ml of D5W IV tid-tid prn (Morgan 1988)
c) Dilute 1 ml of 1:1, 000 in 10 mls of saline and give 1 ml/10 kg body weight IV or IM.
May repeat q5-15 minutes. (Kittleson 1985a)Horses:
For anaphylaxis:
a) 3 - 5 ml of 1:1, 000 per 450 kg of body weight either IM or SQ. For foal resuscitation:0.1 ml/kg of 1:1, 000 IV (preferably diluted with saline) (Robinson 1987)Ruminants & Swine:
For treatment of anaphylaxis:
a) 0.5 - 1.0 ml/100 lbs. body weight of 1:1, 000 SQ or IM; dilute to 1:10, 000 if using IV;may be repeated at 15 minute intervals Often used in conjunction with corticosteroidsand diphenhydramine (Clark 1986)
Monitoring Parameters -1) Cardiac rate/rhythm 2) Respiratory rate/auscultation during anaphylaxis 3) Urine flow if possible 4) Blood pressure, and blood gases if indicated and if possible
Client Information - Pre-loaded syringes containing an appropriate amount of epinephrine maybe dispensed to clients for treatment of anaphylaxis in animals with known hypersensitivity.
Anaphylactic symptoms (depending on species) should be discussed. Clients should be instructedin proper injection technique (IM or SQ) and storage conditions for epinephrine. Do not useepinephrine if it is outdated , discolored or contains a precipitate.
Federal (U.S.A.) law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.
Dosage Forms/Preparations/FDA Approval Status/Withholding Times -
Veterinary-Approved and Human-Approved Products: Epinephrine is approved for use in dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, and swine.
Epinephrine HCl for Injection 0.1 mg/ml (1:10, 000) in 10 ml syringes (human-label); (Rx)
Epinephrine HCl for Injection 1 mg/ml (1:1, 000) in 1 ml amps & syringes and 10 ml, 30 ml and 100 ml vials; Adrenalin Chloride® (P-D); Veterinary-labeled generic; (Rx)
It is also available in products labeled for human use as a powder form (aerosol) for inhalation, and a sterile suspension for injection. Epinephrine bitartrate is available as a powder form (aerosol) for inhalation. Epinephrine HCl is also available as a solution for nebulization and in automatically injecting syringes for treatment of hypersensitivity reactions.
Dogs: 
Cardiac resuscitation (asystole): a) 0.05 - 0.5 mg (0.5 - 5 ml) of 1:10, 000 solution intratracheally or intravenously. Mayneed to repeat every 5 minutes. If intratracheal of IV sites are inaccessible, the intracardiac (IC) route may be used. IC dose is 0.5 to 5 micrograms/kg (0.0005 to 0.005 mg/kg). (Wingfield 1985)
b) 0.2 ml/kg intratracheally of a 1:10, 000 solution (Moses 1988)
For anaphylaxis:
a) 0.01 - 0.02 mg/kg IV; or the dosage may be doubled and given via the endotracheal tube if IV line is not yet established. In less severe cases, may be given IM or SubQ (Cohen 1995)
b) Dilute 1 ml of 1:1, 000 in 10 mls of saline and give 1 ml/10 kg body weight IV or IM.
May repeat q5-15 minutes. (Kittleson 1985a)
Cats: 
For cardiac resuscitation: a) 0.05 - 0.5 mg (0.5 - 5 ml) of 1:10, 000 solution intratracheally or intravenously. Mayneed to repeat every 5 minutes. If intratracheal or IV sites are inaccessible, the intracardiac (IC) route may be used. IC dose is 0.5 to 5 micrograms/kg (0.0005 to 0.005 mg/kg). (Wingfield 1985)
For bronchoconstriction/anaphylaxis:
a) 0.01 - 0.02 mg/kg IV; or the dosage may be doubled and given via the endotracheal tube if IV line is not yet established. In less severe cases, may be given IM or SubQ (Cohen 1995)
For feline asthma/anaphylaxis:
a) 0.1 ml of a 1:1, 000 dilution SQ or IV (Noone 1986)
b) 0.1 mg SQ q4-6h or 0.2 mg in 100 ml of D5W IV tid-tid prn (Morgan 1988)
c) Dilute 1 ml of 1:1, 000 in 10 mls of saline and give 1 ml/10 kg body weight IV or IM.
May repeat q5-15 minutes. (Kittleson 1985a)
Horses: 
For anaphylaxis: a) 3 - 5 ml of 1:1, 000 per 450 kg of body weight either IM or SQ. For foal resuscitation:0.1 ml/kg of 1:1, 000 IV (preferably diluted with saline) (Robinson 1987)
Ruminants & Swine: 
For treatment of anaphylaxis: a) 0.5 - 1.0 ml/100 lbs. body weight of 1:1, 000 SQ or IM; dilute to 1:10, 000 if using IV;may be repeated at 15 minute intervals Often used in conjunction with corticosteroidsand diphenhydramine (Clark 1986)
Monitoring Parameters -
Client Information - Pre-loaded syringes containing an appropriate amount of epinephrine maybe dispensed to clients for treatment of anaphylaxis in animals with known hypersensitivity.
Anaphylactic symptoms (depending on species) should be discussed. Clients should be instructedin proper injection technique (IM or SQ) and storage conditions for epinephrine. Do not useepinephrine if it is outdated , discolored or contains a precipitate.
Federal (U.S.A.) law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.
Dosage Forms/Preparations/FDA Approval Status/Withholding Times -
Veterinary-Approved and Human-Approved Products: Epinephrine is approved for use in dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, and swine.
Epinephrine HCl for Injection 0.1 mg/ml (1:10, 000) in 10 ml syringes (human-label); (Rx)
Epinephrine HCl for Injection 1 mg/ml (1:1, 000) in 1 ml amps & syringes and 10 ml, 30 ml and 100 ml vials; Adrenalin Chloride® (P-D); Veterinary-labeled generic; (Rx)
It is also available in products labeled for human use as a powder form (aerosol) for inhalation, and a sterile suspension for injection. Epinephrine bitartrate is available as a powder form (aerosol) for inhalation. Epinephrine HCl is also available as a solution for nebulization and in automatically injecting syringes for treatment of hypersensitivity reactions.