ATIPAMEZOLE HCL
Chemistry/Storage, Stability, Compatibility
An alpha2-adrenergic antagonist, atipamezoleHCl injection should be stored at room temperature (15°-30°C) and protected from light.
Pharmacology - ATIPAMEZOLE HCL
Atipamezole competitively inhibits alpha2-adrenergic receptors, thereby acting asa reversal agent for alpha2-adrenergic agonists (e.g., medetomidine). Net pharmacologic effects areto reduce sedation, decrease blood pressure, increase heart and respiratory rates, and reduce theanalgesic effects of alpha2-adrenergic agonists.Uses, Indications - Atipamezole is labeled for use as a reversal agent for medetomidine. It potentially could be useful for reversal of other alpha2-adrenergic agonists as well (e.g., amitraz, xylazine).
Pharmacokinetics - ATIPAMEZOLE HCL
After IM administration in the dog, peak plasma levels occur in about 10minutes. Atipamezole is apparently metabolized in the liver to compounds that are eliminated in theurine. The drug has an average plasma elimination half life of about 2-3 hours.Contraindications, Precautions, Reproductive Safety
While the manufacturer lists no absolutecontraindications to the use of atipamezole, it states that the drug is not recommended in pregnant orlactating animals due to lack of data establishing safety in these animals. Caution should be used inadministration of anesthetic agents to elderly or debilitated animals.Adverse Effects, Warnings
Potential adverse effects include occasional vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, tremors, and brief excitation/apprehensiveness.Because reversal can occur rapidly, care should be exercised as animals emerging from sedationand analgesia may exhibit apprehensive or aggressive behaviors. After reversal, animals should beprotected from falling. Additional analgesia (e.g., butorphanol) should be considered, particularlyafter painful procedures.
Overdosage - Dogs receiving up to 10X the listed dosage apparently tolerated the drug withoutmajor effects. When overdosed, dose related effects seen included panting, excitement, trembling, vomiting, soft or liquid feces, vasodilatation of sclera and some muscle injury at the IM injectionsite. Specific overdose therapy should generally not be necessary.