How to do a faecal float veterinary?
How to Perform a Fecal Float in Veterinary Practice
In veterinary practice, a fecal float is a common diagnostic procedure used to identify the presence of internal parasites in animals. It involves the use of a flotation solution to separate parasite eggs, larvae, or cysts from fecal matter, allowing for easier detection under a microscope. Performing a fecal float accurately requires attention to detail and adherence to proper techniques. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to perform a fecal float in a veterinary clinic:
1. Collecting the Fecal Sample
Start by collecting a fresh fecal sample from the animal. It is important to avoid contamination, so use a clean container and ensure the sample is not mixed with urine or other materials. The sample should ideally be obtained directly from the rectum using a gloved hand or by placing a disposable plastic bag over the animal's anus during defecation.
2. Preparing the Fecal Float Solution
Next, prepare the fecal float solution. The most commonly used solution is a saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, which has a specific gravity higher than most parasite eggs or cysts. To prepare the solution, dissolve 120 grams of NaCl in 1 liter of warm water and mix thoroughly until fully dissolved.
3. Mixing the Fecal Sample with the Float Solution
Take approximately 2 grams of the fecal sample and mix it with 10 mL of the fecal float solution in a test tube or a fecal flotation device. Ensure that the sample is thoroughly mixed with the solution to allow parasite eggs or cysts to float to the surface during the flotation process.
4. The Flotation Process
Once the fecal sample is mixed with the float solution, cover the test tube or flotation device with a cover slip, making sure to avoid air bubbles. Allow the sample to sit undisturbed for about 10-15 minutes. During this time, parasite eggs or cysts with lower specific gravity than the float solution will rise to the surface and stick to the cover slip.
5. Examination under the Microscope
After the flotation process, carefully remove the cover slip from the test tube or flotation device. Place it onto a microscope slide, ensuring the side with the parasite eggs or cysts is facing up. Gently apply a drop of saline solution to the cover slip to prevent drying and to facilitate microscopic examination.
6. Microscopic Examination
Place the slide under a microscope with a magnification of at least 100x. Examine the slide systematically, moving the microscope stage to scan the entire area of the cover slip. Look for parasite eggs or cysts based on their characteristic shape, size, and morphology. If possible, take clear, high-resolution images for further documentation or consultation.
7. Interpreting the Results
After examination, identify and record the types and quantities of parasite eggs or cysts found. Use a parasitology reference book or consult with a veterinary parasitologist if necessary to ensure accurate identification. Interpret the results based on the presence or absence of parasites, as well as the severity of the infestation.
8. Reporting and Treatment
Finally, report the fecal float results to the veterinarian in charge. They will determine the appropriate course of treatment based on the specific parasites identified and the clinical condition of the animal. Depending on the results, deworming medications may be prescribed or further diagnostic tests may be recommended.
In conclusion, performing a fecal float is an essential diagnostic procedure in veterinary practice. By following these step-by-step instructions, veterinary professionals can accurately identify and treat internal parasites, ensuring the health and well-being of their animal patients.