ANTIBIOTIC COMBINATIONS (OPHTHALMIC), TETRACYCLINE (OPHTHALMIC)

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ANTIBIOTIC COMBINATIONS (OPHTHALMIC)

Indications/Pharmacology These combination products exhibit a broad-spectrum of activity and areconsidered the first choice for symptomatic treatment of conjunctivitis in dogs and for prophylactictreatment of small animals prior to or after eye surgery. These agents are also used prophylactically... ↪ Read more

TETRACYCLINE (OPHTHALMIC)

Indications/Pharmacology The tetracyclines are most useful in cats for the treatment Chlamydial and Mycoplasma conjunctivitis as well as nonspecific or symptomatic therapy for undiagnosed (causativeorganism not determined) conjunctivitis in cats. While its use in dogs and horses is questionable, it... ↪ Read more

GENTAMICIN (OPHTHALMIC), TOBRAMYCIN (OPHTHALMIC)

Indications/Pharmacology The aminoglycosides are excellent drugs for gram negative orstaphylococcal corneal infections. With frequent application, clinicians can establish corneal drug levelsfar in excess of MIC for most organisms without exceeding toxic systemic levels. Therefore, MIC reportsmay... ↪ Read more

CORTICOSTEROIDS, TOPICAL (OPHTHALMIC)

(see also Antibiotic & Corticosteroid Combinations) Indications/Dosages/Precautions - Topical corticosteroids are used to treat diseases of the eye involvingthe conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, and anterior chamber. Penetration of topically applied corticosteroids intothe eyelids is poor as is... ↪ Read more

CROMOLYN SODIUM (OPHTHALMIC)

Indications/Pharmacology Cromolyn sodium is a mast cell stabilizing agent that blocks release ofhistamine and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis from mast cells following antigen recognition. Similar to lodoxamine tromethamine, cromolyn sodium has no intrinsic vasoconstrictor, antihistaminic,... ↪ Read more

LODOXAMINE TROMETHAMINE (OPHTHALMIC)

Indications/Pharmacology Lodoxamine tromethamine is a mast cell stabilizer that inhibits Type Ihypersensitivity responses by preventing antigen mediated histamine release. Lodoxamine stabilizes mastcells by blocking calcium influx into the cell upon antigen recognition, thereby blocking... ↪ Read more

DICLOFENAC SODIUM (OPHTHALMIC)

Indications/Pharmacology Diclofenac sodium is a phenylacetic acid that inhibits cyclooxygenase, inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Diclofenac sodium topical solution reduces inflammation followingcataract extraction in people and counteracts photophobia in humans having refractive corneal surgery.... ↪ Read more

KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE (OPHTHALMIC)

Indications/Pharmacology Ketorolac tromethamine is a pyrrolol-pyrrole nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent that inhibits prostaglandin formation. Prostaglandins mediate inflammation within theeye by disrupting the blood-aqueous barrier, inducing vasodilation and increasing intraocular... ↪ Read more

TROPICAMIDE (OPHTHALMIC)

Indications/Pharmacology Tropicamide, like atropine, causes mydriasis and cycloplegia, but has more mydriatic than cycloplegic activity. Tropicamide has a more rapid onset (maximum mydriasis in 15-30 minutes) of action and a shorter duration of action (pupil returns to normal in 6-12 hours in most... ↪ Read more

METIPRANOLOL (OPHTHALMIC)

Indications / Pharmacology Metipranolol HCl can be used as a substitute for timolol maleate (see above). Metipranolol is a nonselective beta blocking agent and reduces intraocular pressure minimally inanimals by decreasing cyclic-AMP synthesis in the ciliary body. Pilot studies have suggested... ↪ Read more

TIMOLOL MALEATE (OPHTHALMIC)

Indications / Pharmacology Timolol maleate is used primarily to prevent the development of primaryglaucoma in the contralateral eye of a dog which has developed primary glaucoma in one eye. It onlyreduces intraocular pressure 3-10 mmHg and, therefore is of minimal usefulness in patients... ↪ Read more

Glaucoma, Topical Agents

Note: Generally, once acute congestive primary glaucoma is noted in one eye it is treated as anemergency using mannitol/glycerin systemically, a systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, a miotic andthen surgery is considered for lasting control of intraocular pressure. The following topical drugs are... ↪ Read more