Drugs such as mannitol and glycerine which draw water to themselves. Used to control edema and swelling.... ↪ Read more

An increase in the osmotic concentration of the blood. Hyperosmolarity of the blood can draw water from RBC's causing lysis or from neurons causing neurologic signs such as coma.... ↪ Read more

Elevated blood sodium. Hypernatremia is uncommon in dogs and cats and most often is iatrogenic from the repetitive administration of high sodium containing solutions. Animals who have severe hypernatremia in excess of 170 meq/L show nervous system signs of depression progressing to coma.... ↪ Read more

Elevated blood magnesium.... ↪ Read more

Increased thickness of the horny layer of the epidermis.... ↪ Read more

Increased sensitivity to stimulation. Is most commonly seen with peripheral nerve diseases, such as, tumors and polyradiculoneuritis. Elevated blood glucose.... ↪ Read more

Elevated blood chloride.... ↪ Read more

Elevated blood calcium. The most common cause is the production of a biochemical substance by tumors, resulting in the retention of calcium. This is called pseudohyperparathyroidism, most commonly occurring in patients with lymphoma or tumors of the apocrine anal sac. Pseudohyperparathyroidism has... ↪ Read more

Unexpected increased pain intensity from a stimulus. Excessive sensitivity to pain.... ↪ Read more

A thin membrane partially occluding the opening to the vagina in a virgin.... ↪ Read more

Atarax?? an antihistamine.... ↪ Read more

Breaking a compound into smaller and simpler compounds by a chemical reaction with water.... ↪ Read more