AMINOPENTAMIDE HYDROGEN SULFATE
Chemistry - An antispamodic, anticholinergic agent, aminopentamide hydrogen sulfate has achemical name of 4-(dimethylamino)-2, 2-diphenylvaleramide.
Uses, Indications - The manufacturer states that the drug is indicated "in the treatment of acuteabdominal visceral spasm, pylorospasm or hypertrophic gastritis and associated nausea, vomitingand/or diarrhea" for use in dogs and cats.
Contraindications/Precautions - The manufacturer lists glaucoma as an absolute contraindication to therapy and to use the drug cautiously, if at all, in patients with pyloric obstruction.
Additionally, aminopentamide should not be used if the patient has a history of hypersensitivity toanticholinergic drugs, tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency, myocardialischemia, unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage, GI obstructive disease, paralytic ileus, severe ulcerative colitis, obstructive uropathy or myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adversemuscarinic effects secondary to therapy).
Antimuscarinic agents should be used with extreme caution in patients with known or suspected
GI infections. Atropine or other antimuscarinic agents can decrease GI motility and prolong retention of the causative agent(s) or toxin(s) resulting in prolonged symptoms. Antimuscarinicagents must also be used with extreme caution in patients with autonomic neuropathy.
Antimuscarinic agents should be used with caution in patients with hepatic disease, renal disease, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, CHF, tachyarrhythmias, prostatic hypertrophy, esophogeal reflux, and geriatric or pediatric patients.
Overdosage - No specific information was located regarding acute overdosage symptoms ortreatment for this agent. The following discussion is from the Atropine monograph which could beused as a guideline for treating overdoses:
If a recent oral ingestion, emptying of gut contents and administration of activated charcoal andsaline cathartics may be warranted. Treat symptoms supportively and symptomatically. Do not usephenothiazines as they may contribute to the anticholinergic effects. Fluid therapy and standardtreatments for shock may be instituted.
The use of physostigmine is controversial and should probably be reserved for cases where thepatient exhibits either extreme agitation and is at risk for injuring themselves or others, or for caseswhere supraventricular tachycardias and sinus tachycardias are severe or life-threatening. The usualdose for physostigmine (human) is: 2 mg IV slowly (for average sized adult), if no response mayrepeat every 20 minutes until reversal of toxic antimuscarinic effects or cholinergic effects takesplace. The human pediatric dose is 0.02 mg/kg slow IV (repeat q10 minutes as above) and may be areasonable choice for treatment of small animals. Physostigmine adverse effects(bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, seizures) may be treated with small doses of IV atropine.
The following drugs may potentiate the adverse effects of atropine and its derivatives: primidone, disopyramide, nitrates, long-term corticosteroid use (may increase intraocular pressure).
Atropine and its derivatives may enhance the actions of nitrofurantoin, thiazide diuretics, sympathomimetics.
Atropine and its derivatives may antagonize the actions of metoclopramide.
Storage, Stability, Compatibility
No information located.Pharmacology - AMINOPENTAMIDE HYDROGEN SULFATE
Aminopentamide is an anticholinergic agent that has been described whencompared to atropine as having a greater effect on reducing colonic contractions and less mydriaticand salivary effects. It reportedly also may reduce gastric acid secretion.Uses, Indications - The manufacturer states that the drug is indicated "in the treatment of acuteabdominal visceral spasm, pylorospasm or hypertrophic gastritis and associated nausea, vomitingand/or diarrhea" for use in dogs and cats.
Pharmacokinetics - AMINOPENTAMIDE HYDROGEN SULFATE
No information located.Contraindications/Precautions - The manufacturer lists glaucoma as an absolute contraindication to therapy and to use the drug cautiously, if at all, in patients with pyloric obstruction.
Additionally, aminopentamide should not be used if the patient has a history of hypersensitivity toanticholinergic drugs, tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency, myocardialischemia, unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage, GI obstructive disease, paralytic ileus, severe ulcerative colitis, obstructive uropathy or myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adversemuscarinic effects secondary to therapy).
Antimuscarinic agents should be used with extreme caution in patients with known or suspected
GI infections. Atropine or other antimuscarinic agents can decrease GI motility and prolong retention of the causative agent(s) or toxin(s) resulting in prolonged symptoms. Antimuscarinicagents must also be used with extreme caution in patients with autonomic neuropathy.
Antimuscarinic agents should be used with caution in patients with hepatic disease, renal disease, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, CHF, tachyarrhythmias, prostatic hypertrophy, esophogeal reflux, and geriatric or pediatric patients.
Adverse Effects, Warnings
Adverse effects resulting from aminopentamide therapy may includedry mouth, dry eyes, blurred vision, and urinary hesitancy.Urinary retention is a symptom of toohigh a dose and the drug should be withdrawn until resolved.Overdosage - No specific information was located regarding acute overdosage symptoms ortreatment for this agent. The following discussion is from the Atropine monograph which could beused as a guideline for treating overdoses:
If a recent oral ingestion, emptying of gut contents and administration of activated charcoal andsaline cathartics may be warranted. Treat symptoms supportively and symptomatically. Do not usephenothiazines as they may contribute to the anticholinergic effects. Fluid therapy and standardtreatments for shock may be instituted.
The use of physostigmine is controversial and should probably be reserved for cases where thepatient exhibits either extreme agitation and is at risk for injuring themselves or others, or for caseswhere supraventricular tachycardias and sinus tachycardias are severe or life-threatening. The usualdose for physostigmine (human) is: 2 mg IV slowly (for average sized adult), if no response mayrepeat every 20 minutes until reversal of toxic antimuscarinic effects or cholinergic effects takesplace. The human pediatric dose is 0.02 mg/kg slow IV (repeat q10 minutes as above) and may be areasonable choice for treatment of small animals. Physostigmine adverse effects(bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, seizures) may be treated with small doses of IV atropine.
Drug Interactions
No specific interactions were noted for this product. The following are listedin the Atropine monograph and may also apply to aminopentamide: The following drugs mayenhance the activity of atropine and its derivatives: antihistamines, procainamide, quinidine, meperidine, benzodiazepines, phenothiazines.The following drugs may potentiate the adverse effects of atropine and its derivatives: primidone, disopyramide, nitrates, long-term corticosteroid use (may increase intraocular pressure).
Atropine and its derivatives may enhance the actions of nitrofurantoin, thiazide diuretics, sympathomimetics.
Atropine and its derivatives may antagonize the actions of metoclopramide.